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<div class="section" id="glossary">
<h1>Glossary<a class="headerlink" href="#glossary" title="Permalink to this headline">ΒΆ</a></h1>
<dl class="glossary docutils">
<dt id="term-everything-but-the-kitchen-sink">“Everything but the kitchen sink”</dt>
<dd>An English idiom meaning to include nearly everything that you can
think of.</dd>
<dt id="term-api-version">API version</dt>
<dd>Version that is meant for computer consumption. This version is
parsable and comparable by computers. It contains information about
a library’s API so that computer software can decide whether it works
with the software.</dd>
<dt id="term-ascii">ASCII</dt>
<dd><p class="first">A character encoding that maps numbers to characters essential to
American English. It maps 128 characters using 7bits.</p>
<div class="admonition-see-also last admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="last"><a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII</a></p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt id="term-ascii-compatible">ASCII compatible</dt>
<dd><p class="first">An encoding in which the particular byte that maps to a character in
the <a class="reference internal" href="#term-ascii"><em class="xref std std-term">ASCII</em></a> character set is only used to map to that character.
This excludes EBDIC based encodings and many multi-byte fixed and
variable width encodings since they reuse the bytes that make up the
<a class="reference internal" href="#term-ascii"><em class="xref std std-term">ASCII</em></a> encoding for other purposes. <a class="reference internal" href="#term-utf-8"><em class="xref std std-term">UTF-8</em></a> is notable
as a variable width encoding that is <a class="reference internal" href="#term-ascii"><em class="xref std std-term">ASCII</em></a> compatible.</p>
<div class="admonition-see-also last admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<dl class="last docutils">
<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-width_encoding">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-width_encoding</a></dt>
<dd>For another explanation of various ways bytes are mapped to
characters in a possibly incompatible manner.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</dd>
<dt id="term-code-points">code points</dt>
<dd><a class="reference internal" href="#term-code-point"><em class="xref std std-term">code point</em></a></dd>
<dt id="term-code-point">code point</dt>
<dd>A number that maps to a particular abstract character. Code points
make it so that we have a number pointing to a character without
worrying about implementation details of how those numbers are stored
for the computer to read. Encodings define how the code points map to
particular sequences of bytes on disk and in memory.</dd>
<dt id="term-control-characters">control characters</dt>
<dd><a class="reference internal" href="#term-control-character"><em class="xref std std-term">control character</em></a></dd>
<dt id="term-control-character">control character</dt>
<dd><p class="first">The set of characters in unicode that are used, not to display glyphs
on the screen, but to tell the display in program to do something.</p>
<div class="admonition-see-also last admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="last"><a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_character">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_character</a></p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt id="term-grapheme">grapheme</dt>
<dd><p class="first">characters or pieces of characters that you might write on a page to
make words, sentences, or other pieces of text.</p>
<div class="admonition-see-also last admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="last"><a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheme">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapheme</a></p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt id="term-i18n">I18N</dt>
<dd>I18N is an abbreviation for internationalization. It’s often used to
signify the need to translate words, number and date formats, and
other pieces of data in a computer program so that it will work well
for people who speak another language than yourself.</dd>
<dt id="term-message-catalogs">message catalogs</dt>
<dd><a class="reference internal" href="#term-message-catalog"><em class="xref std std-term">message catalog</em></a></dd>
<dt id="term-message-catalog">message catalog</dt>
<dd><p class="first">Message catalogs contain translations for user-visible strings that
are present in your code. Normally, you need to mark the strings to
be translated by wrapping them in one of several <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/library/gettext.html#gettext" title="(in Python v2.7)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">gettext</span></tt></a>
functions. The function serves two purposes:</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>It allows automated tools to find which strings are supposed to be
extracted for translation.</li>
<li>The functions perform the translation when the program is running.</li>
</ol>
<div class="admonition-see-also last admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="last"><a class="reference external" href="http://babel.edgewall.org/wiki/Documentation/messages.html">babel’s documentation</a>
for one method of extracting message catalogs from source
code.</p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt id="term-murphy-s-law">Murphy’s Law</dt>
<dd><p class="first">“Anything that can go wrong, will go wrong.”</p>
<div class="admonition-see-also last admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
<p class="last"><a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murphy%27s_Law">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murphy%27s_Law</a></p>
</div>
</dd>
<dt id="term-release-version">release version</dt>
<dd>Version that is meant for human consumption. This version is easy for
a human to look at to decide how a particular version relates to other
versions of the software.</dd>
<dt id="term-textual-width">textual width</dt>
<dd>The amount of horizontal space a character takes up on a monospaced
screen. The units are number of character cells or columns that it
takes the place of.</dd>
<dt id="term-utf-8">UTF-8</dt>
<dd>A character encoding that maps all unicode <a class="reference internal" href="#term-code-points"><em class="xref std std-term">code points</em></a> to a sequence
of bytes. It is compatible with <a class="reference internal" href="#term-ascii"><em class="xref std std-term">ASCII</em></a>. It uses a variable
number of bytes to encode all of unicode. ASCII characters take one
byte. Characters from other parts of unicode take two to four bytes.
It is widespread as an encoding on the internet and in Linux.</dd>
</dl>
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